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What happens when we don't get enough sleep?

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Sleep is central to maintaining your physical and mental health, but many people don't sleep enough. We all do it, but what happens to us when we sleep? Every night almost everyone on the planet enters into a state of unconsciousness and paralysis - but what is really happening inside the body when we drift off, and what's the impact if we don't get enough sleep? Sleep is regulated by your circadian rhythm , or body clock located in the brain. The body clock responds to light hews ramping up production of the hormone melatonin at night, and switching it off when it senses light. There are four stages of sleep that the body experiences in cycles throughout the night.  On a good night we cycle through these stages four or five times.  Stages one and two are  light sleep . This is a transition from being awake to falling asleep. Heart rate and breathing begin to slow, body temperature falls, and muscles may twitch.  Stage 3 is so...
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How much water should we consume daily?

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Water is your body's principal chemical component and makes up about 50% to 70% of your body weight. Your body depends on water to survive. Lack of water can lead to dehydration — a condition that occurs when you don't have enough water in your body to carry out normal functions. Even mild dehydration can drain your energy and make you tired. Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate need? The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine determined that an adequate daily fluid intake is: About 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) of fluids a day for men About 11.5 cups (2.7 liters) of fluids a day for women These recommendations cover fluids from water, other beverages and food. About 20% of daily fluid intake usually comes from...
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